![]() The USG is only recorded in the NHANES 2007−2008 cycle. Since 1999, the data have been released every two years for use by researchers. NHANES uses a complex probabilistic sampling design to collect information from different populations through standardized interviews, physical examinations, and sample tests to assess the health and nutritional status of non-institutionalized civilians in the United States. The data used in our study came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database ( of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). We present the following article in accordance with the STROBE guideline checklist (available at ). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the level of USG was related to the prevalence rate of kidney stones. As a reliable indicator of renal concentration and dilution ( 15), the effect of urine specific gravity (USG) on the prevalence rate of kidney stones is still unknown. Stone type and disease severity can affect the risk of kidney stones recurrence ( 14). ![]() And the increased incidence of the disease is also related to lifestyle, such as increased protein intake, reduced fruit and vegetable intake and insufficient liquid intake ( 13). ![]() Risk factors for kidney stones include male, age, race, high body mass index (BMI), high blood pressure, diabetes and smoking ( 11, 12). Studies have shown that patients with kidney stones tend to relapse within 5 years, and the recurrence rate is approximately 50% ( 10). Although various treatment measures have achieved satisfactory results, the recurrence rate of kidney stones is very high ( 9). There are a variety of treatment methods for kidney stones, including open lithotomy, laparoscopic lithotomy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, ureteroscopy, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and drug therapy ( 8). In the past few decades, the global incidence and prevalence of kidney stones have been increasing ( 7). The prevalence rate of kidney stones in the United States is 9.6% ( 4), while in South Korea and China, the prevalence rate of kidney stones is approximately 5.0% and 5.8% ( 5, 6). Kidney stones are more common in men, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 2:1 ( 3). Kidney stones have a high incidence in middle-aged and elderly men (30–60 years) and varies along with gender, age and country ( 2). Kidney stone is a common disease of the urinary system, which refers to the stone that occurs in the renal calyx, renal pelvis and the junction of the renal pelvis and ureter ( 1). Keywords: Kidney stone urine specific gravity (USG) prevalence National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cross-sectional survey This finding helps to identify risk factors for kidney stones as early as possible in the United States. <1.008, OR =1.71, 95% CI, 1.16–2.54, P=0.007).Ĭonclusions: The increase of USG was significantly correlated with self-reported kidney stone. After adjusting for known confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression showed that the prevalence rate of kidney stone increased with the increase of USG (1.008–1.020 vs. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, race, hypertension, diabetes, body mass index (BMI), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), USG and urine creatinine were closely related to the prevalence of kidney stones. ![]() Results: A total of 4,791 patients were included in this study, of which 464 (9.7%) reported a history of kidney stone. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the effect of USG on the prevalence rate of kidney stone. The USG was divided into three groups: 1.020. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of adult participants (≥20 years) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2008. Policy of Dealing with Allegations of Research Misconductīackground: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between urine specific gravity (USG) and the prevalence rate of kidney stone.Policy of Screening for Plagiarism Process. ![]()
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